The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.